Climate Change Proposal Essay

I am writing to you because of our environment and how important it is to conserve for our environment especially because it will help to provide a brighter future that is not for just us as human beings but to all living life forms on this planet, it is past time for all of us individuals to start changing our ways of life, to start such things as burning less coal and oil in order to help reduce and hopefully eventually help to eliminate the human carbon footprint on our planet. Human carbon footprints are caused by the releases of carbon dioxide and another gas called methane gas into the earth’s atmosphere and it causes the earth to warm much faster than it has in past years. These faster rising temperatures of the earth have caused some very severe effects on the climate change and now the climate change is being observed around the world by not just scientist but by all of us. All of the sea levels are rising at a fast pace because of how fast the ice glaciers are meltin g, the arctic sea ice is melting, permafrost and expansion of warmer seawater, that is also causing serious threats for all sea creatures and which also includes the death of the world’s coral reefs. The warmer climate change can also be held responsible for the extreme droughts that have been happening that causes a higher evaporation rate which then leads to a heavier rainfall in some areas of the world and causes flooding in others as well as it effecting the world’s crops because it causes withering and decline in our food production which then means a food shortage for many if not all communities. What I have noticed from former elections is that the problem with the climate change has fallen through the cracks and this is something that us the really care about. This all happened because of the lack thereof data available and the different opinions that scientists have had in the past, but now it has become very clear to people that it is very important to change our Carbone footprint on the planet. This is why I am writing you and encouraging you to address this problem in your speech, to make the people aware of the risks greenhouse gases pose to public health and the welfare of our planet. This is very important for all of these different reasons to help reduce the effects that the climate changes have been doing to our planet. By helping to reduce our  carbon print on the planet we will be able to help secure a sustainable life for future generations to come and this will also help to protect all wild life natural habitats. By make these changes in our lives and how we do things everyday as well as cutting back in consuming all of our natural resources we can make a very big difference and help to eliminate the climate change. Doing these types of things we will be helping not to over-strip the supplies we have, we will help to reduce our carbon footprint. How we would do this would be to use cleaner energy sources like wind, solar power, reforestation or starting to plant trees around our home to help to reduce the temperature inside all of our homes. By reducing our consumption of such things as beef, we can reduce the amount of methane gases emitted by the atmosphere every year. By eating more organic food we will also be helping reduce the amount of toxic chemical fertilizers that are used in farming and is contaminating out natural water resources. It is very apparent that warming is a danger that we need to avoid not matter what it takes to do no matter how much it will cost us financially as well as how what we have to do as individuals to preserve and not just enjoy but respect our environment, and all the living things that share this planet with us. All of these things are very important to us the people and these are very conceivable options and things people can do to help stop the global warming and help our planet. I hope you take my letter and what I had to say into consideration and address it. References: WILEY PLUS: Murck, B. W., Skinner, B. J., & Mackenzie, D. (2010). Visualizing geology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. http://water.usgs.gov/’, ‘IC-Materials’, ‘SCI245R6’, ‘ST’, ‘False’);

Computer Evolution Essay

?Explain the evolution of computer describing the technologies used in different generations. The evolution of computers started way back in the late 1930s. Binary arithmetic is at the core of the computers of all times. History of computers dates back to the invention of a mechanical adding machine in 1642. Abacus, an early computing tool, invention of logarithm by John Napier and the invention of slide rules by William Oughtred were significant events in the evolution of computers. Evolution of computer technology can be divided into five generations. First generation computer consisted of vacuum tubes and they were used from 1943-1958. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) computer is an example of first generation computer. Second generation (1959-1965) computer consisted of transistors i. e. vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. Thus the size of the computer got reduced considerably. Third generation (1966-1973) computer consisted of integrated circuits (IC) i. e. many transistors in single silicon chip. A single IC has many transistors, registers and capacitors built on a single thin slice of silicon. With the invention of microprocessor (1971), fourth generation of computer evolution started and present day computers are also categorized in the fourth generation. The fifth generation computers are under development. They are going to be based on principles of artificial intelligence and natural language recognition. Developers are aiming at computers capable of organizing themselves. The evolution of computer continues. Generation Duration Memory device First (1943-1958) Vacuum tubes Second (1959-1965) Transistor Third (1966-1973) LSI (Large Scale Integration) IC Fourth (1974-1990) VLSI (Very large Scale Integration) Microprocessor. Fifth (1990 onwards) Biochips (concept of AI) Table: Time period and its device used in evolution of computer.

Embracing classroom technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Embracing classroom technology - Research Paper Example To capture the attention of teachers on the importance of technology in the classroom, it is logic to outline the advantages of this venture. Firstly, technology helps to improve research. A tool for this activity is the computer. The research will help a student to come up with educational material from the internet. This also lessens the tutors’ duty to provide every bit of information to the students. A class exposed to lots information is in a more probable position to perform educationally than a class that does not include internet research. The student’s flourished performance increase the teacher’s morale to teach and embrace technology as the current trend in the learning system. A teacher may also benefit educational technology when dealing with testing and assessment. The modern school setting provides students with an institution website.   From these websites tutor post assignments at their most convenient time and means researching to Arthur this greatly simplifies the process of giving assignments to students. Additionally, the assessment of the assignments can be easily done online due to the advancements. With the simplified mode of assessment and testing, all teachers may find it interesting and suitable to embrace the technological advancements in an institution.   It is these great ideas and innovation steps that should be used to lure teachers to embrace technology. However, to motivate the tutors to incorporate the technology changes motivation plans should also be strategized.... Firstly, technology helps to improve research. A tool for this activity is the computer. Research will help a student to come up with educational material from the internet. This also lessens the tutors’ duty to provide every bit of information to the students. A class exposed to lots information is in a more probable position to perform educationally than a class that does not include internet research. The student’s flourished performance increase the teacher’s morale to teach and embrace technology as the current trend in the learning system (Reynolds, 2008). A teacher may also benefit educational technology when dealing with testing and assessment. The modern school setting provides students with an institution website. From these websites tutor post assignments at their most convenient time and means. According to Arthur (2009) this greatly simplifies the process of giving assignments to students. Additionally, the assessment of the assignments can be easily done online due to the advancements. With the simplified mode of assessment and testing, all teachers may find it interesting and suitable to embrace the technological advancements in an institution. It is these great ideas and innovation steps that should be used to lure teachers to embrace technology. The fact that the teachers are also in the receiving end of its advantages, makes it more appealing to tutors. However, to motivate the tutors to incorporate the technology changes motivation plans should also be strategized (Egbert, 2008). The motivation plan should also include performance predictions in case of using current technologies. If a teacher is convinced and assured of better performance after embracing technology, they are in high probable position to advocate for technological

Psychology Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology Research - Essay Example art John the Baptist: some, Elias; and others, Jeremias, or one of the prophets†, they could provide a more truthful answer without fear of retribution or disapproval (Matthew 16:14, King James Version). When Jesus further quizzed the disciples about what they thought, the disciples knew that the first answer was not right. Thus â€Å"Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God† (Matthew 16:16, King James Version). In which Jesus rewarded him with a blessing stating â€Å"Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven† (Matthew 16:17, King James Version). Jesus would have made an excellent interrogator. The methods he used are used today when interviewing a criminal or trying to get to the truth about a matter. He first asked whatever one else thought. This gives the individual being questioned a way to tell the truth without being embarrassed or looking guilty. When the disciples gave the wrong answer, then Jesus pressed them for what they thought. This allows a person to explain themselves. Finally after giving the answer being sought by Jesus, the disciple that answered was praised. Another point is Jesus questioned a crowd (at least twelve). That gives a sense of competition to get the answer right, sort of peer pressure. In the end, the statement of being â€Å"Son of man† was confirmed by Simon Peter. Jesus not only sublimely planted the answer, but made Simon Peter think it was his

Financial Transaction Taxes Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Transaction Taxes - Dissertation Example Research report by Economic & Financial Policies Directorate, Ministry for EU Affairs, Turkey (Economic & Financial Policies Directorate, July 2012. FinansalIslem Vergilerive Avrupa BirligiUygulamas?. Ankara, Turkey) Useful information about taxation. Statistical references to specific issues. Research report by Ernst & Young LLP (Tax Policy Services, April 2012. Financial Transaction Tax, Which way now? London, United Kingdom) Useful for the understanding the current situation of the holistic structure of financial taxes in EU. http://www.gib.gov.tr (2012) This website was searched throughout to gain a deeper understanding of Turkish Tax System II - INTRODUCTION A financial transaction tax (FTT) is a tax placed on a specific type of financial transaction for a specific purpose. This term is most commonly associated with the financial sector. (HM Revenue & Customs, 2001)By any name, financial transaction tax is a fee paid any time by an individual or a company buys or sells a share o f stock, any type of security, a futures contract, an options contract, or any of the commonly traded financial instruments. In recent times, the term FTT has been used to refer to the proposed bill â€Å"Let Financial Market Pay for the Restoration of Real Market Bill†. ... In this project, types of FTT researched will give information about implemented and proposed FTTs including country samples and political support with evaluation. III - HISTORY OF FINANCIAL TRANSACTION TAXES As it is known from the history of economics, financial implementations and investigations are always started in countries which see their future earlier than their economy go into the crash. In 1694, an early implementation of a financial transaction tax in the form of a  stamp duty  at the  London Stock Exchange. The tax was payable by the buyer of shares for the official stamp on the legal document needed to formalize the purchase. As of 2011, it is the oldest tax still in existence in Great Britain (Kincaid, 2009).   In 1936, in the wake of the  Great Depression,  John Maynard Keynes  advocated the wider use of financial transaction taxes (Wishart, 2012). Essentially, first tax proposal for the financial sector was put forward by Keynes. He assimilated markets that are dominated by speculation to ‘casino’. He asserted that long-term stability could be provided by taxation on security transactions. Keynes indicated that taxation on security transactions would decrease speculation and provide an effective distribution of resources in the market with ‘right’ price level. In 1972, the  Bretton Woods system  for stabilizing currencies effectively came to an end. In that context, James Tobin, influenced by the work of Keynes, suggested his more specific  currency transaction tax  for stabilizing currencies on a larger global scale (Tobin, 1993) In 1989, Edgar Feige generalized the ideas of Keynes and Tobin by proposing a small flat rate tax on all transactions (Wishart, 2012). In December 1994,  the economic crisis in Mexico  and 1997 Asia Crisis

Gods and Goddesses paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gods and Goddesses - Research Paper Example There are many similarities found in comparing the various mythologies. A study into the Greek Mythology throws light in the civilizations of the Ancient Greek. Greek mythology is one of the largest collections of mythical stories in the world which lays vastly from representational arts like vase-painting to epics and poems. Greek god Zeus is depicted in many of the mythological stories. Iliad and Odyssey, the oldest epic poems of Homer involve the myths based on the events around the Trojan War. The evidence of the origin of Indian Mythology can be traced out from the period of 2000-1000 B.C. The Aryan history and their celebration about the nature are depicted in the hymns of Rig Veda, written in those days. They had special respect for air, earth water and converted them and worshiped them as their Vedic Gods like Agni, Vayu and Surya. The epics or called the two Itihasas the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, written in the Vedic period speak about the heroes of Vedic period who grad ually turned out to be Gods. The characters in them reflected the enmities between Gods and demons and the struggles between good and evil principles. Coming to the Chinese myths, they were passed down from ancestors orally or written which involve huge collection of folktales, cultural history, and religions.

Qualitative Research Paper B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Qualitative Research Paper B - Essay Example We are surrounded by data everywhere. Our lives are influenced by data pertaining to the things we feel and see, the things we eat, the different things that we think about as also the constitution of our surroundings. Apart from this data that seems to engulf our lives, there is a separate class of data that one obtains as part of the quest to find answers to a specific question. In doing so, the efforts is often left with so much data that it is sometimes hard to ultimately determine the purpose for which the data has been collected let alone think of ways to analyze the collected data. What separates the data from information is the usefulness of the former, where analysis of data helps turn it or its subsequent outcomes into information. It is this information that helps one determine answers to questions and phenomenon that demands a structured effort. A question and its associated material that is being analyzed can be looked at from several perspectives. General forms of data and research analysis have always looked at answering the what, whom and where dimensions of the question and such an approach is hence known as quantitative approach as it tries to analyze quantifiable and measurable parameters. Nevertheless, many questions also arise with respect to why and how things occur. Answering questions determining the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of a phenomenon requires the analysis to take an approach that analyzes the answers across several subjects and disciplines and helps arrive at a thorough understanding. This form of research is trying to ascertain the quality associated with a phenomenon and is hence known as qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis is a very simple technique at undertaking research and consists of three essential parts. These components that are named noticing, collecting and thinking are highly interactive and follow a

Elder Abuse and Psychosocial Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elder Abuse and Psychosocial Simulation - Essay Example Afterwards the interviewer remains alert and moderate in asking questions (Knapp, 2007). In terms of non-verbal actions the interviewer applied broad leads, such as neutral expressions. The intention was to support continued talking by the patient. However, the interviewer placed less time on open body posture. In terms of making observations, the interviewee appeared tense, especially in what appears to be some biting of the teeth. Nevertheless, the interviewer showed interest in the patient issues and still managed to come across as relaxed, by attempting to shift her body posture to a small level. The interviewer was trying to display an interest in what the client was saying. Gestures in some instances became an issue due to misinterpretations arising from the two diverse cultures. In addition, voice also became an issue due to timing and tempo since in some instances, the interviewer pitch and inflection did not bring out an understanding (Wachtel & Wachtel, 2011). The interview er applied non-verbal actions such as open facial movements displaying empathy as a part of intentional efforts to communicate experiences of suffering. For instance, the use of verbalizing implied thoughts such as the interviewer voicing what the client appears to have fairly evidently implied, instead of what the client had really said (Wachtel & Wachtel, 2011). The intention was to make conscious of the unconscious (Quinn & Tomita, 2002). Secondly, the interviewer applied neutral responses, and this displayed some interest and involvement in what the client was saying. The exact use of silence and some cases voice-tone was meant to offer time for the patient to present thoughts and feelings into expressions. The silence enabled the patient to verbalize while regaining composure. The interviewer seemed a little bit nervous initially when the camera gear was being setup, and this then reflected on the client sense of edginess. This was evidence by overusing of reflection which then made the client a little bit annoyed when her own words and statements were being continually repeated. However, as the interviewer began conversing with the client, she got somewhat more comfortable as both of them established a good human connection. The interview began with a chatting session with the client prior to the camera rolling. The intention was to first gauge the client awareness of the questions and then let him think about any solicitous responses. The caregiver managed to leave the room after a couple of questions were asked and she felt reassured about the interview session. However, the caregiver seemed to possess more ability in encoding the client emotional outlay. In particular, she was able to accurately decode the client body movements and voice-tone cues. On the other hand, the client did not know how to make clear his feelings, and he seemed to hold back tears at times while pacing and fidgeting, maybe because he feared that he will be labeled crazy. In wra pping matters up, I provided cues to the client that the session was coming to an end before summarizing the key answers and then thanking the client for his time. The interviewer was fairly comfortable with the questions concerning abuse and neglect as she used extensively reflective listening, while reacting with affirmative proclamations.

Marketing 300 Notes Essay Example for Free

Marketing 300 Notes Essay In the Summa Theologica, Thomas Aquinas uses the philosophical method to theology and addresses the question of whether God’s existence can be demonstrated as well as the question of whether we can know God completely. For Aquinas, the question of proving the existence of God is always bound up with the question of how, and to what extent, we can know God at all. St. Thomas Aquinas believes that yes, God’s existence can be demonstrated but that no we cannot know God completely. St. Thomas believes that God’s existence can in fact be demonstrated and that it can be done so in two ways. â€Å"One is through the cause, and is called â€Å"a priori†, and this is to argue from what is prior absolutely. The other is through the effect, and is called a demonstration â€Å"a posteriori†; this is to argue from what is prior relatively only to us† (Aquinas 15). In other words, to demonstrate that God exists is done in a cause and effect manner. For the question as to whether or not we can know God completely, St. Thomas answers that no, we cannot know God completely. According to St. Thomas one can know the essence of God, but to completely know God would be impossible. The differences between these two questions are that the question as to whether or not God’s existence can be demonstrated addresses God’s existence whereas the question on whether or not we can know God completely does not question God’s existence, just the amount of knowledge one can have on God. St. Thomas Aquinas proposed five proofs in which humans can use natural reason to prove the existence of God through extrinsic evidence. Through the use of natural reason we can logically conclude in the existence of God. Yet strictly speaking, God’s existence cannot be definitively proven through laboratory tests and experimental science. Experimental science and intrinsic evidence cannot definitively prove historical events, and yet by reason we know they have occurred. And surely were science falters and extrinsic evidence fail, reason and intrinsic evidence can prove the spiritual which cannot be measured by material sciences. The first way begins observing the movement all over the world and ends up asserting the existence of God as Immovable Motor; the second way observes the existence of causes in the world and concludes the existence of an ultimate Cause. The Third Way emphasizes one of the most important features of all finite objects, the radical insufficiency of their being, their contingency: the beings of the world exist but they could equally not exist, they have specific features which they could equally not have. If they do exist but could not then we can think of a time in which they didn’t; and if they were the only beings of the world, then nothing would have existed. As this is obviously not the case, then we should conclude that along with those contingent beings there must exist a necessary being, a being which has its origin in itself instead of in another being, and that being is God. St. Thomas states, â€Å"Therefore it is necessary to arrive at a first mover, put in motion by no other; and this everyone understands to be God† (Aquinas 16). In the next paragraph Aquinas says, â€Å"Therefore it is necessary to admit a first efficient cause, to which everyone gives the name of God† (Aquinas 17). Clearly, St. Thomas Aquinas is making his point that God is the source of everything. Since God is the cause we see the effects. The effects had to have come from a cause, which is God, and therefore God must exist. St. Thomas Aquinas starts off his discussion on whether or not one can know God by discussing the senses and their role in how humans know things. â€Å"Our natural knowledge begins from sense. Hence our natural knowledge can go as far as it can be led by sensible things† (Aquinas 86). St. Thomas states, â€Å"It is impossible for God to be seen by the sense of sight, or by any other sense, or faculty of the sensitive power† (Aquinas 74). What this passage is saying is that we cannot see God and because we cannot see God, it is impossible for us to know him. As humans we can know human beings because we can see them physically, however we cannot do this with God. Aquinas says, â€Å"when any created intellect sees the essence of God, the essence of God itself becomes the intelligible form on the intellect† (Aquinas 77) and this means that for what we can see with our human eyes that is what is going to portray to us what God is like. This means that we cannot fully know God and that we can only know of him or about him. God is an infinite being and we are finite beings which mean that we can only contain so much knowledge within us. Due to the fact that we are limited with our knowledge, it is impossible for humans to ever be able to fully encompass and know God because there is too much to know about Him. God is infinite, he has always been and humans cannot understand this because there is nothing else that we know of that has forever been and always will be. For these reasons, St. Aquinas believes that humans will never be able to fully know God like how they know one another. One can also compare these two questions not just by what they are based on (existence and knowledge) but also by looking at the differences between faith and knowledge. As stated previously when discussing whether or not we can know God completely, the basis of knowledge is derived from the senses. Knowledge has factual evidence from the world around you and has to do with reason and science. â€Å"We have a more perfect knowledge of God by grace than by natural reason†¦the knowledge which we have by natural reason contains two things: images derived from the sensible objects; and the natural intelligible light, enabling us to abstract from them intelligible conceptions. Now in both of these, human knowledge is assisted by the revelation of grace. For the intellects natural light is strengthened by the infusion of gratuitous light† (Aquinas__). On the other hand, Faith (or a belief) in something you take without question or evidence. An example of this is if someone is inside of a building and cannot see outside and someone comes in from being outside and tells the person that it is raining. Since the person inside has no way of knowing that it is raining outside since they cannot see or hear it, then they must believe the person telling them that it is raining. â€Å"Faith does not involve a search by natural reason to prove what is believed. But it does involve a form of inquiry unto things by which a person is led to belief, e. g. whether they are spoken by God and confirmed by miracles† (Aquinas__). Teachings by St. Augustine and Pseudo-Dionysius agree with the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas about knowing God. All of them agree that it impossible to be able to fully and completely know God. Alternatively, the three of them believe that one can only know about and of God; knowing only the different aspects of God. Dionysius describes God as â€Å"wholly unknowable† and has as â€Å"incomprehensible presence† (Pseudo Dionysius 119) which is him saying that God cannot be understood completely. Dionysius also says that God is made up of infinite characteristics, which Dionysius combines to call the â€Å"Godlike oneness† (Pseudo Dionysius 36). He says that one can better know God through knowing that he has characteristics such as â€Å"good†, â€Å"fair†, and â€Å"existent† (Pseudo Dionysius 39-40) but that he is so much more than just these. This relates to St. Thomas Aquinas’ thoughts that through our senses, we can come to know more about God because of what he created, but it is still impossible to completely know God. Similarly with St. Augustine, he states that God is â€Å"high above all, uncontainable and immeasurable† (Augustine 32) which means that God is beyond our reach. Due to the face that we cannot see God, then it is impossible for us to know him fully. St. Augustine also states that God is â€Å"incorruptible, inviolable, and unchangeable’ (Augustine 90). The meaning of this passage states that God is perfect. If he were to be changed, he would no longer be perfect. This is a concept that humans cannot comprehend because humans are not perfect and perfection is an abstract thought. They can have an idea as to what perfection is, but it is impossible to fully understand. In conclusion, knowing that God exists and knowing God are two completely different questions. St. Thomas Aquinas states that one can know that God exists and that it can be proven philosophically through the effects. On the other hand he also states that one cannot know God, only aspects of Him. These two questions correlate with the different of faith and knowledge. Faith is associated with the question of knowing God (cannot be proven) and knowledge is associated with the question of knowing that God exists (can be proven philosophically). St. Thomas Aquinas, St. Augustine and Pseudo Dionysius all state that it is impossible to fully know God. They all agree on the fact that it is possible to know aspects of God and know partially who he is through using our senses, yet God is still seen to be infinite so it is impossible for our human minds to fully comprehend God.

Black America Essay Example for Free

Black America Essay I. Introduction A. One significant problem faced among the judicial system is the injustice involving African Americans with sentencing and racial profiling. Not only will the individual and society response be discussed but the expert’s theories and alternative solutions will be included. II. African Americans facing injustice within the judicial system. A. Sentencing for crimes committed compared to other races. 1. Marissa Alexander, a black mother, was sentenced to 20 years in prison after shooting a warning shot to scare her abusive husband. No one was injured in her choice to shoot the warning shoot but Amber Cummings, a 32 year old mother, did not face any jail time for killing her husband who was said to be a white supremacists. 2. Judge Jean Boyd sentenced a young white male, Ethan Couch, after killing 4 individuals while driving drunk, to 10 years of probation and sentence a 14 year old black male to 10 years of prison after punching and killing a man. Ethan Couch prior to the incidents, stole from a store and alcohol level was three times the limit. Neither young men where mentally ill or had justification on the crimes they committed but sentencing was harsher for the young black male. 3. John McNeil, a black father of two, was sentenced to seven years in prison and 13 years of probation in 2005 for murdering a white male that threaten to stab his sons after trespassing on their property while Joe Horn, an elderly white male shot and killed two men that was breaking and entering into his neighbor’s home one night. Horn took it upon himself, even after the 911 operator repeatedly informed him not to interfere in the situation because the cops were on the way, to murder the two men. 2 B. Racial Profiling of African American individuals. 1 Trayvon Martin was a young black teen walking through a neighborhood with a black hoodie and was murdered by George Zimmerman because he believe the young teen was going to commit a crime. George Zimmerman did not serve any jail-time for the murder. 4. African Americans have a higher chance of being stop by police officers when driving and frisking than a White American. Research has found that â€Å"in investigatory stops, a black man age twenty-five or younger has a 28 percent chance of being stopped for an investigatory reason over the course of an year; a similar young white man has 12. 5 percent chance and a similar young white woman has only a 7 percent chance†. (Epp Maynard, 2014, p. 15) 5. African Americans also has a higher chance of being stalked or watched closely in department stores. For example: Barneys, a high-in department store is now under fire for its practices when facing minorities. Two young African Americans have come forward with their issues faced when shopping in Barneys. One young man, Trayon Christian was put in handcuffs after an employee of Barneys called the police to report a fraudulent credit card used by the African American male and later found out the credit card was real. Kayla Philips purchased a 2300. 00 pursed and was later stop by the police upon leaving the store. (Harris, 2013, p. 1) III. Expert’s Opinion on the problem. A. Both David Harris and Randall Kennedy have research and exam research on the topic of racial profiling. 1 David Harris is a law professor at University of Pittsburg School of Law and has found that in 2003, many of the traffic vehicle stops resulted in illegal substances and goods being found by police officers. When Harris calculated the traffic vehicle stops he came across that White Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 2 of 8 3 Americans contributed to most of the stops and that â€Å"that racial profiling is a counterproductive law enforcement strategy as well as a controversial one. † (Collica, 2012, chp. 4. 3). 2 Randall Kennedy wrote an article in 2011 title, â€Å"Race and the Administration of Criminal Justice in the United States. In 2006 he research racial profiling in New York City and found that â€Å"55% of African Americans were stopped by the police and that number is twice the representation of Blacks in the local population. † (Collica, 2012, chp. 4. 3) IV. Society response on the problem. A. Citizens are coming together to form rallies for Justice. 1. Ferguson, Missouri citizens have rallied and protest since the death of Michael Brown, a young African American male who was gunned down by a police officer. 2. Many cities, states and countries rallied after the disappointing verdict of the Trayvon Martin case. V. The public policies in place to rectify the problem. A. In May of 2013, Congress put into play the End Racial Profiling Act. 1. This act was set in place to end racial profiling among law enforcement agencies by: Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 3 of 8 4 a. â€Å"Grants the United States or an individual injured by racial profiling the right to obtain declaratory or injunctive relief. † (â€Å"End of Racial Profiling,† 2013). b. â€Å"Requires federal law enforcement agencies to maintain adequate policies and procedures to eliminate racial profiling and to cease existing practices that permit racial profiling. † (â€Å"End of Racial Profiling,† 2013) VI. Alternative solutions that can assist with the issue. A. Every police office should have a camera inside of their vehicles or a camera on their bodies at all times. If the rules cannot be followed then the police officer should face disciplinary actions. 1. If the police force use the camera in the car and on themselves at all times this will help minimize police brutality. Police Officers will make sure to use proper force in every situation and will not overuse their power as authority figures. B. If a citizen decides to use deadly force against an individual and that individual is killed, that citizen should face jail time, unless that individual posed a threat to their life or others. 1. Citizens find that they can shoot anyone for anything. Unless this person is trying to cause physical harm to them, citizens should not have the authority to use deadly force against anyone. 2. If someone is in a domestic violence situation and the police is called the individual causing harm should automatically be arrested and charges should be placed on that individual. No more allowing the victim the ability to agree or disagree to these charges. Not only will this allow the abuse to get out of the situation, this will also help with future violence†¦including murder. Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 4 of 8 5 C. Police Officers should always use a stun gun or pepper spray whenever they come across an irate individual. 1. Police officers should always use their pepper spray or stun guns when taking down or taking in an unarm individual. Especially if there is more than one officer at the scene of the crime. If someone is resisting arrest use the stun gun or pepper spray to subdue the individual. Let’s stop violence with using more force than necessary. VII. Conclusion A. It has slightly change throughout the years with African American men and women having the right to vote and sit peacefully in a restaurant without being bothered or called names but in all fairness, African American people will always have it hard. Yes, we have an African American president but that does not stop the high numbers of frisking or being stop by the police after purchasing a high dollar amount item because someone believes you could possibly be a thief. Yes, the statistics throughout the years to come might dwindled down but the Black race will be looked down upon and will called criminals because of a few bad apples. The Black race will still continue to be murdered in the streets, unarmed or surrendering with no proper justice because, like the saying, the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior. Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 5 of 8 6 References Collica, K. Furst, G. (2012). Crime and Society. San Diego CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. It explains criminology and how society responds to crime. It breaks down crime through age, gender, race, education and living conditions. It shows statistics of crime and types of crime and explains how the statistics are measured. Epp, C. , Maynard-Moody, S. (2014). Driving While Black. Washington Monthly, 46(1/2), 14- 16. Retrieved from http://eds. a. ebscohost. com. proxy- library. ashford. edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=212adf44-d029-44a2-9c35- b2a2e0dc1f07%40sessionmgr4002vid=6hid=4203. This article discussed the statistics involving driving and frisking among all races. It breaks down the measurements through race, age, sex, education and living conditions. It discuss how the African American race will always be prejudice upon. Gabbidon, S. L. , Jordan, K. L. , Penn, E. B. , Higgins, G. E. (2014). Black Supporters of the No-Discrimination Thesis in Criminal Justice: A Portrait of an Understudied Segment of the Black Community. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 25(5), 637. Retrieved from http://cjp. sagepub. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/content/25/5/637. full. pdf+html This article explains the different methods used to measure the African American response to the criminal justice system. Six hundred African American individuals were surveyed and only 26% believes that the criminal justice system is not prejudice against one race. The measurements are broken down into age, education and living conditions. The older generation of African Americans made up most of the 26 percentage. Harris, D. (2013). Shopping While Black. World News with Diane Sawyer, 1. Retrieved from Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 6 of 8 7 http://eds. b. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/eds/detail/detail? vid=1sid=e32d3682- cdb2-48b8-8a38- a2f84927e979%40sessionmgr198hid=104bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU. %3d#db=bwhAN=91694591 This article not only discussed certain African American individuals views and experience with the high in department store Barney’s but also questions a high profile celebrity on his involvement with the company. They question his beliefs and how he feels about the controversy surrounding the company. Rosich, K. J. (2007). Race, Ethnicity, and the Criminal Justice System. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. Retrieved from http://www. asanet. org/images/press/docs/pdf/ASARaceCrime. pdf This article explains the many statistics and research data performed on racism and race relations issues. Statistics are measured through, race, gender, age, education, employment, living conditions and other factors. S-1038 – End Racial Profiling Act of 2013. (2013). Retrieved October 26, 2014, from https://www. congress. gov/bill/113th-congress/senate-bill/1038? q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B %22end+racial+profiling+act+2014%22%5D%7D This article discuss and explains what the End Racial Profiling Act of 2013 is. This act was introduced in May of 2013 with every action that has taken place with voting, amendments and other act created based off it is documented. Black America vs. the Criminal Justice SystemPage 7 of 8.

Postponement in Manufacturing and Supply Chain

Postponement in Manufacturing and Supply Chain In general production process, many of the end products shares some common process and some of them in the initial stages. At some specific point in the process, specialized processes or components are used to customize the work-in-process, which was a common (generic) product up to that point in the process, into the different end-products. This point is referred as point of product differentiation. Postponement refers to redesigning the process to delay the point of differentiation. The point of differentiation may occur in two stages of supply chain, first it may occur in early stage which is referred as early level of postponement and in the other case it may occur in the late in the supply chain which is referred as late level of postponement. This concept had actually been mostly used in the logistics business (Shapiro and Haskett, 1985). Even consumer products industries started using this type of concepts in their process to improve their service for customers orders. In every scenario we need to follow a special strategy for effective results. In Manufacturing and distribution of products, we need to use the following structure, which describes the process in which product variety is proliferated. Lets go through the five important steps of a product in its supply chain: Manufacturing (2) Integration (3) Customization (4) Localization (5) Packaging Here these sequence of steps matches to most of the process flow in the industries. Manufacturing: This is the initial step where the core of the product is made. Usually small numbers of products or a single generic product are made at this stage. Integration: This is the step where all the main core products are assembled with the sub assemblies. For example in the case of computers, the body will be made in the manufacturing stage and it will be assembled with the Mother board and circuits in this integration stage. Customization: This stage refers to the further assembly of the product with different accessories to form distinct product choices. For example in the case of computers, this is the stage where they insert all the necessary I/O cards, install all necessary softwares and accessory boards constitute different end product options. Localization: Here all the products are localized to suit the local requirements of different regions or countries. For example different countries may have different power supply requirements and different languages for their manuals. We can imagine that each of the product options gets raised into more different end products for different places. Packaging: This step sounds meaningful only for the few products, those requires some special kind of packing. For example in the case of Computers, monitors need to be packed properly so that they dont damage when they are in transit. Here the below figure shows the product variety proliferation tree that branches out at various stages: Diag from pg 6 http://e3associates.com/files/Article%2520-%2520Designing%2520Products%2520and%2520Processes%2520for%2520Postponement.pdf In this context of product variety structure, postponement as a strategy to defer, it can be of two types: Time Postponement and Form Postponement. Time Postponement: This refers to delaying the various product differentiation tasks as late as possible. It is something like switching from Build-to-Stock to a Build-to- order mode (Zinn 1990).One more great advantage of this time postponement implementation is related to the geographical location in which the differentiating tasks are performed. Usually these tasks will be performed at manufacturing factory, Distribution centers or distribution channels and customer sites. Here the earliest level of postponement refers to the case, when all the tasks are performed at the manufacturing factory. And the latest level of postponement refers to those, where the tasks are performed at the customer sites. This strategy is usually helpful in the case where delivery or distribution of a product is delayed until customer demand is known. This allows inventory to be reduced as it reduces the necessity to maintain inventories or stocks at distribution centers. Lets go through some case, which can give a clear idea of this strategy being used. Whirlpool, washing machine manufacturer has implemented this strategy very effectively in their US operations (Waller, et al, 2000).By one of their market research, they have found that most of the consumers dont expect their order to be delivered immediately, as most of them will be ordering for their new houses, into which they cannot move immediately. So they redesigned their supply chain in such a way that the inventories in the department stores are kept to minimum and this delayed delivery until the orders have been received. This reduces the need for cross docking to a great extent and reduces inventory and transportation costs dramatically. In overall it improves customer service and decreases stock outs. Form Postponement: This strategy delays certain stages in manufacturing process of a product until a customers order has been received (Zinn and Bowersox, 1988). This mainly aims at standardizing the upstream stages to the maximum extent. Here they follow a different kind of manufacturing strategy. At first, parts or components that are common to more than a model are used to build a generic platform. Now these semi finished items will be shipped to separate markets and specific countries or items are added when a customer order is received. Most of the computer manufacturers use this strategy in their operations. Most of the components of a computer are relatively generic and common to many markets (e.g. casing, mouse, board), while other components restricted to certain markets (e.g. power supply, differs from one country to the other) (Aviv and Federgruen, 1999).Usually demand in few places may be stable, demand in specific places may be difficult to predict. Thus using Form postponement strategy, all the basic components of a computer are assembled at a central location. As these components have longer life cycle, compared to other components, the inventory risk is reduced at this stage. Then modules are sent to different markets and country specific or high value components are inserted, once the customer orders are received. Markets leader Dell is a classic example of this. By taking up a build to order (BTO) approach, the company started maintaining very low levels of inventory (Radstaak, 1998). This strategy allowed the company to improve their customer service, as their products can be customized on demand. Place Postponement: This strategy is used to redesign the location of process, in order to postpone the product differentiation. HP had used this strategy in their operations; in this case they put off their final assembling activities and made the final product at the distribution centre. This reduces the Inventory costs and response time to the customer. This strategy can be implemented in seven different ways. The first one focuses on delaying the differentiation tasks to downstream in the final processing and manufacturing.Zinn and Bowserox 1988(manufacturing, labeling, assembly, packaging) postponement, Lee and Billingtons(1994) time postponement, Lee and Tangs (1997) operations postponement, Lees (1998) Logistics postponement and van hoeks (1999) Place postponement all deals with the same strategy. Here are some places, where these strategies are implemented successfully. European computer manufacturer implemented this strategy; they started assembling all their personal computers in their local distribution centre to the response of customers order, instead of completing in the factory. Then their focus turned in delaying the downstream movement of goods which is discussed by time and place postponement. Logistics postponement discusses about the movement of goods, which is a delay in deployment of inventory. Rover car manufacturer had implemented this strategy, which centralized the inventory from all his dealers, so that he can respond to customers quickly. If a company does not start manufacturing or assembly before customers order is received then it is existed the highest possible level of postponement. On the other hand if company is able to meet customer requirement as close as end user then it is the lowest possible level of postponement where maximum flexibility is existed. Decoupling Point http://www3.unicatt.it/unicattolica/centriricerca/cersi/allegati/wp12009.pdf Applications of Postponement Inventory reduction Better forecast accuracy Logistics Cost reduction Improved Customer service levels Inventory Cost reduction More Variety Risk minimization Procurement cost reduction Transportation cost reduction Manufacturing and procurement cost reduction Challenges in Postponement Product Modularity Ability to quantify benefits Misperception with risks, costs, benefits and general lack of understanding Competing Interest Visibility into Supply Chain Change Management Which signifies Top-down support Ability to recognize Postponement Opportunity Fundamental changes to manufacturing and logistics processes Too costly to implement Complex to implement Consumes too much of management time Too difficult to align organizationally Critical Success Factors Business process reengineering Product design standardization Enabling supply chain technology Collaboration with Customers / Suppliers Organizational design and accountability Enabling collaborative internet technology Internal cross-functional collaboration Issues relating to Postponement Conclusion Case study: When we think of postponement and their advantages, Auto industry is the one which strikes the mind first for many reasons. Firstly a car can be described as a modular system of components. This shows that there is an opportunity for commonality by producing a platform and adding modular subassemblies customized according to the customers demand. Then secondly, individually customized vehicles have higher forecast variability. Since this case shows that there are too many varieties to be forecasted accurately of each combination, there is typically disagreement on the forecast within the different divisions of a company. Finally is high inventory holding costs. It is much riskier to hold a finished vehicle in the showroom floor than to hold a partly finished one waiting for final customization because of high forecast variability for end products and high obsolescence. General Motors (GM) offers over 600 million combinations, when different combinations are considered. Because of these many options, forecasting becomes very difficult. Excess inventory on the field is evidence of this. So they started to search for a way to create variety and mass customize beyond the idea of the platforms, GM looked at software configuration as a different way to use postponement. From software view, each of the systems in a vehicle can be considered as central processing unit (CPU) made up of several electronic control units (ECUs).At present they are using 30-35 ECUs per vehicle because software is becoming essential in automobiles for many reasons. Before postponement, GM faced many problems regarding product variety proliferation and higher inventory costs of storing ECUs for individual models. Usually these ECUs come to GM in finished form with all the softwares pre-loaded. And each of this is assigned to a specific vehicle but they all looked same from outsid e. Suppliers charged GM for custom software installation which not only raised the price but also resulted in problems with repair and maintenance. Then GM decided to assume the responsibility for software configurations and postpone the installations till the latest possible point in the assembly process. Foe this to be executed, GM had to redesign both assembly process and the ECU hardware. Then in mid 1990s they achieved to install the custom softwares for individual orders at the end of the assembly process. Now the ECUs come from suppliers to GM in a generic form. After realizing that even software can be postponed, they started looking for other systems that could be delayed until purchase. Now GM offers 99 % guarantee to deliver the vehicle within one day of the projected delivery day to a dealer closer to the customer. In a study done by GM to measure the benefits of postponement, they have projected inventory cost savings to be 10-15 percent and even maintenance cost saving s. . . Here GM has taken benefits of both outsourcing and postponement. All the subassemblies are outsourced to suppliers with the comparative advantage of expertise and quality. As auto industries go with predominately build-to-order manufacturing system, their suppliers need to commit to the increase demand for customized features instead of aggregate orders.

Paul Reveres Ride Essay -- essays papers

Paul Reveres Ride Paul Revere's Ride is a collection of historical accounts centering around Paul Revere's midnight ride to warn the countryside of the battles that occurred. The novel is made up of narrative accounts that tell the whole story of the midnight ride. David Hackett Fischer goes to great lengths to cover every possible angle in telling the story. "Fischer illuminates the figure of Paul Revere, a man far more complex than a simple artisan and messenger"(3). By adding different perspectives he allows the reader to see not only the American idealistic point of view, but we get a chance to hear British accounts of these particular events. In this way Hackett Fischer paints an accurate and unbiased picture not only of Paul Revere and his ride, but also of many other supporting historical figures that were important in making these events happen. Paul Revere's Ride also does an outstanding job of giving the reader a more in-depth perspective about these events by providing a number of first hand accounts from various sources. This technique personalizes the events to the reader and allows him or her to feel more connected to the people in the novel. One such account takes place when Hackett Fischer describes the "Ipswich Fright". "All the horses and vehicles in the town were put in requisition: men, women, and children hurried as for life toward the north. Large numbers crossed the Merrimack, and spent the night in deserted houses of Salisbury, whose inhabitants, stricken by the strange terror, had fled into New Hampshire â€Å"(171). Instead of merely saying that people were in a panic, this accounts adds strength to his assertions. With this detail, the reader can actually make a visual picture the type of panic that took place. Hackett Fischer's in depth descriptions of the typical attire of the participants in these events was also very helpful in allowing the reader to feel more connected with what really happened. Hackett Fischer describes the uniforms of many of the various ranks of British soldiers. Specifically, he describes the British Regulars in great detail. "The most distinctive part of the uniform was the heavy red coat. For grenadiers and line companies this was a garment with long tails that descended nearly to the knee. The light infantry wore short jackets that ended at the hip, and were much prefer... ... He was renowned for his silversmithing, which was his most successful occupation. "He had a brilliant eye for form, a genious for invention, and a restless energy that expressed itself in the animation of his work. Two centuries later, his pieces are cherished equally for the touchmark of their maker and the vitality of his art"(15). By giving some insight into Paul Revere the man, rather than Paul Revere the legend, Fischer gives strength to his historical assertions. In conclusion, David Hackett Fischer effectively tells the story of Paul Revere's ride in a way that completely and accurately depicts the events. By developing many of the historical figures that are not as well known as Paul Revere, Hackett Fischer gives the reader a more distinctive understanding of these particular historical events. Paul Revere's Ride also personalizes these events by providing numerous first hand accounts that strengthen the imagery. As a whole, the novel is an effective and interesting historical account that accurately tells the famed story of Paul Revere's midnight ride. Bibliography: Paul Revere's ride, David Hackett Fischer,Imprint New York : Oxford University Press, 1994.

Compare And Contrast Thomas Be Essay -- essays research papers

The archetypal hero journey, Joseph Campbell states, is a typical series of heroic actions. Four stages form the hero journey: departure, trials, epiphany, and return (the stages do not necessarily occur consecutive with the listing). Death and resurrection of lifestyle and beliefs, spiritual journey, and finally rebirth form hero journey’s motif. An archetypal hero pattern is the transformation of the character’s conscience through trials and revelations. Lust, fear, and social duties tend to be the main trials heroes face. Campbell defines a hero as a character who overcomes his trials and gives his life to something superior to himself--committed extraordinary deeds. There are two types of heroes. The physical hero gives himself to rescue someone’s physical life or well-being; the spiritual hero returns to enlighten his people and, therefore, spare them misfortune or disastrous situations. Such characters enable the author to aid the reader in perceiving the positive aspects of negative situations and vice versa. Joseph Campbell’s hero journey outline provides an understanding for the paths heroes take pertaining to their specific circumstances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two characters that follow the hero journey are Job of the wisdom books of the Old Testament and Murder in the Cathedral’s Thomas Becket. Job is a fortunate and distinctively devout man. Satan wants to prove to God Job’s faith will falter if his blessings are obliterated. Satan creates an agonizing event sequence Job must suffer through. Job’s children, livestock, land, and health are taken away from him, and his comforters--three friends and a wife--believe Job deserves the turmoil and tell him he must repent his sins to regain his splendor. Becoming frustrated with the increasing agony he must endure, Job questions God’s actions but retains his faith. Thomas Becket’s story begins when King Henry II has trouble prosecuting church clergy under England’s law since the church they should try clergymen. Believing Becket will be a government ally, Henry appoints Becket (then King Henry’s chancellor) Archbishop. Becket finds the church has the right to try its, and holds God’s will above the king’s. Murder in the Cathedral begins with Becket, the current Archb... ...el assured his people will not be completely sorrowful when they lose their Archbishop. After speaking with his congregation, Becket is prepared for his death. Both Job and Becket return to their people in prayer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Joseph Campbell’s hero journey interpretation outlines the sequences of Job’s and Thomas Becket’s heroic circumstances. Each character progresses through the hero journey stages even though they do not necessarily follow the pattern. Job and Becket have similarities in their journeys: both experience a lifestyle alteration, are met with four advisors, and return to their people prayerful and matured; but the processes the characters journey through are distinctly different. Both Becket and Job fit Campbell’s hero definition: one who overcomes his trials and gives himself to a superior being. Both Job and Becket overcome their trials and give themselves to God. The two characters are categorized as spiritual heroes because they return sharing their spiritual findings with others. Job and Thomas Becket are spiritual heroes who successfully fulfill every phase of the hero journey Joseph Campbell outlines.